I. Introduction (page 1-15)

II. Fundamental Concepts &endash; Matter and Measurements (Chapter 1)

A. Classification of Matter (p. 19-24)

B. Elements, Atoms, Compounds and Molecules (p. 24-28)

C. Physical Properties, Measurements and the Metric System (p. 28-46)

D. Significant Figures (p. 47 & web page)

E. Dimensional Analysis & Problem Solving (p. 47-51)

Suggested Chapter 1 Problems: 2, 5, 7, 12, 14,16 ,26, 28, 44, 46, 54, 62

III. Atoms and Elements (Chapter 2, Sections 2.1-2.6)

A. Atomic Theory (p. 59-62)

B. Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons (p. 62-70)

C. Atomic Numbers, Atomic Masses, Isotopes, & Isotopic Abundances (p. 71-78)

Suggested Chapter 2 Problems: 2, 10, 20, 26, 32, 34

IV. Molecules & Compounds and Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry (Chapters 3 & 4)

A. Introduction (p. 100-106)

B. The Mole Concept (p. 119-127)

1. Molecular Masses (p. 121)

2. Grams to Moles & Moles to Grams (p. 123-124)

3. Percent Composition (p. 127-128)

4. Empirical and Molecular Formulas (p. 128-135)

5. Hydrates (p. 135)

D. Chemical Equations and Balancing Equations (p. 148-153)

E. Stoichiometry (p. 154-172)

1. Mole:Mole Relationships (p. 154)

2. Grams of A to Grams of B (p. 154-156)

3. Limiting Reactant (p. 157-162)

4. Percent Yields (p. 163-164)

5. Chemical Analysis (p. 164-172)

Suggested Chapter 3 Problems: 12, 14, 46, 48, 56, 60, 64, 66, 72, 74, 82, 98, 108

Suggested Chapter 4 Problems: 2, 4, 10, 14, 16, 24, 26, 28, 34, 40

V. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions (Chapter 5)

A. Concentrations (p. 213-220)

1. Molarity (p. 213-216)

2. Preparation of Solutions (p. 216)

3. Dilution of Solutions (p. 217)

B. Solution Stoichiometry (p. 220-229)

1. Solution Stoichiometry and Titrations (p. 220-224)

2. Acid/Base Reactions (p. 224)

Suggested Chapter 5 Problems: 60, 64, 72, 76, 80, 98

VI. Energy and Chemical Reactions (Chapter 6)

A. Energy, Heat and Temperature (p. 240-245)

1. Units of Energy (p. 244)

2. Forms of Energy (p. 241-243)

B. Heat Transfer and Specific Heat (p. 245-252)

C. Energy and Changes of State (p. 252-255)

D. Enthalpy (p. 255)

E. Enthalpy and the First Law of Thermodynamics (p. 256-258)

F. Changes in Enthalpy and Chemical Reactions (p. 258-263)

G. Hess's Law (p. 263-267)

H. State Functions & Enthalpies of Formation (p. 267-272)

G. Calorimetry (p. 273-276)

Suggested Chapter 6 Problems: 5, 8, 9, 14, 22, 26, 28, 30, 38, 40, 42, 48, 56, 58, 62, 70, 78, 88

VII. Atomic Structure (Chapter 7)

A. Electromagnetic Radiation (p. 293-297)

B. Photons and Energy (p. 298-303)

1. History

a. Planck (p. 298-300)

b. Einstein (p. 300)

2. Calculations (p. 301-303)

C. The Bohr Atom and Line Spectra (p. 303-311)

D. Wave Properties of the Electron (p. 311-312)

E. The Wave Mechanical View of the Atom (p. 312-325)

1. Quantum Numbers (p. 316-318)

2. Shapes of Atomic Orbitals (p. 318-325)

Suggested Chapter 7 Problems: 6, 7, 11, 22, 24, 28, 32, 34, 36, 48, 54, 62, 78

VIII. Electrons in Atoms and Chemical Periodicity (Chapter 8)

A. Electron Spin (p. 333-336)

B. Pauli Exclusion Principle (p. 336-338)

C. Electronic Configurations (p. 338-353)

D. Periodic Properties (p. 353-365)

1. Atomic Size (p. 354-356)

2. Ionization Energy & Electron Affinity (p. 357-361)

3. Ionic Sizes (p. 361-363)

Suggested Chapter 8 Problems: 30, 32, 38, 40, 42, 48, 54, 58, 64, 74

IX. Descriptive Chemistry (Chapter 2, Sections 2.7 & 2.8, Chapter 3, Sections 3.3 to 3.5, Chapter 5)

A. Ions and Oxidation States

B. Nomenclature

C. Properties of Solutions (p. 180-186)

1. Electrolytes (p. 182-184)

2. Precipitation Reactions (p. 186-192)

3. Acids and Bases (p. 192-197)

4. Reactions of Acids and Bases (p. 197-201)

Suggested Chapter 5 Problems: 7, 8, 18, 22, 24, 28, 36, 38, 44, 88

X. Chemical Bonding (Chapter 9)

A. Valence Electrons & Lewis Structures (p. 373-377)

B. Bonding in Ionic Compounds (p. 377-381)

C. Covalent Bonding (p. 382-398)

D. Properties of Bonds (p. 398-406)

E. Charge Distributions in Covalent Compounds (p. 406-413)

1. Formal Charge (p. 406-408)

2. Bond Polarities & Electronegativities (p. 408-413)

F. VSEPR Geometries (p. 413-422)

Suggested Chapter 9 Problems: 1, 2, 4, 10, 18, 20, 32, 38, 42, 44, 50, 52, 56, 64, 76, 78, 80, 86, 90, 92

XI. Bonding and Molecular Structure (Chapter 10)

A. Valence Bond Theory (p. 439-458)

B. Orbital Hybridization (p. 442-453)

C. Molecular Orbital Theory (p. 459-470)

Suggested Chapter 10 Problems: 1, 2, 3, 8, 16, 20, 24, 34

XII. Gases and their Properties (Chapter 12)

A. Properties (p. 539-542)

B. The Gas Laws (p. 542-558)

1. Compressibility of Gases &endash; Boyle's Law (p. 542-544)

2. The Effect of Temperature &endash; Charles's Law (p. 545-548)

3. The Laws of Gay-Lussac and Avogadro (p. 549-550)

C. The Ideal Gas Law (p. 550-555)

D. Gases and Stoichiometry (p. 555-558)

E. Gas Mixtures, Partial Pressures and Dalton's Law (p. 558-562)

F. The Kinetic Molecular Theory (p. 562-568)

Suggested Chapter 12 Problems: 1, 4, 5, 10, 14, 18, 26, 32, 34, 44, 46, 48, 54, 58, 60, 64, 72

XIII. Liquids and Solids (Chapter 13)

A. Intermolecular Forces (p. 583-598)

B. Properties of Liquids (p. 598-609)

1. Enthalpy of Vaporization (p. 599-602)

2. Vapor Pressure (p. 602-604)

3. The Clausius Clapeyron Equation (p. 604-605)

4. Boiling Point (p. 605)

5. Surface tension, Capillary action & Viscosity (p. 607-609)

C. Metallic and Ionic Solids (p. 609-621)

D. Properties of Solids (p. 625)

E. Phase Diagrams (p. 629-632)

Suggested Chapter 13 Problems: 18, 20, 24, 30, 38, 46, 50, 55, 58, 72, 74

XIV. Solutions (Chapter 14, Sections 14.1-14.3)

A. Classes of Solutions (p. 642)

B. Concentration Terms (p. 642-645)

1. Molarity (p. 642-643)

2. Molality (p. 643)

3. Percent by Volume & Mass (p. 644)

4. Mole Fractions (p. 643)

5. Density

C. The Solution Process (p. 645-655)

1. Solubility (p. 645-648)

2. Heat of Solution (p. 649-652)

3. Factors Affecting Solubility (p. 653-655)

D. Colligative Properties (p. 656-671)

1. Vapor Pressure (p. 656-659)

2. Freezing Point Depression & Boiling Point Elevation (p. 660-667)

3. Osmosis (p. 668-671)

Suggested Chapter 14 Problems: 2, 3, 10, 12, 16, 22, 28, 40, 50, 56, 60, 66

XV. Chemical Kinetics (Chapter 15, Sections 15.1 through 15.5)

A. Rates of Reactions (P. 687-692)

1. Definition of Rate (P. 688-690)

2. Rate and Stoichiometry (P.691-692)

B. Reaction Conditions and Rates (P. 692-694)

1. Temperature (P.692)

2. Catalysts (P.692)

3. Concentration (P.693-694)

C. Rate As a Function of Concentration (P. 694-700)

1. The Rate Law or Rate Equation (P. 694-695)

2. The Order of Reaction (P.696)

3. Method of Initial Rates (P.697-700)

D. Rate As a Function of Time (P. 700-709)

1. Integrated Rate Equations (P. 700-704)

2. Half Life (P. 707 &endash; 709)

E. Concentrations, Reaction Rates and Collision Theory (P. 710-724)

1. Activation Energy (P. 710-711)

2. Temperature (P. 710-711)

3. Molecular Orientation (P. 710-711)

4. The Arrhenius Equation (P.715-718)

Suggested Chapter 15 Problems: 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32,33, 34, 36, 37, 42, 43, 44

XVI. Chemical Equilibria (Chapter 16, Sections 16.1 through 16.7)

A. The Nature of the Equilibrium State (P. 747 &endash; 750)

B. The Equilibrium Constant and the Equilibrium Constant Expression (P. 750 &endash; 756)

C. The Meaning of the Equilibrium Constant (P. 757 &endash; 758)

D. The Reaction Quotient (P. 758 &endash; 761)

E. Calculations (P. 762 &endash; 769)

1. Calculating K (P. 762 &endash; 765)

2. Calculating Concentrations (P. 766 &endash; 769)

F. Le Chatelier's Principle (P. 770 - 777)

1. The Effect of Temperature P. 770)

2. The Effect of The Addition or Removal of a Reactant or a Product (P. 772)

3. The Effect of Volume Changes (P. 776)

Suggested Chapter 16 Problems: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 2228, 30, 32, 34, 38, 42, 43, 48

XVII. Acid/Base Chemistry (Chapter 17 Sections 17.1 through 17.8)

A. Acid & Base Definitions

1. Arrhenius

2. Brønsted-Lowry and Conjugate Acid/Base Pairs

3. Lewis

B. Hydronium Ion and The Autoionization Of Water

C. Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases

D. Strong Acids and Bases

E. Weak Acids and Bases

F. Ions As Weak Acids or Weak Bases - Hydrolysis

G. The pH Scale

H. Acid Base Equilibria

1. Calculating pH

2. Calculating K_a and K_b

3. Calculating Concentrations

XVIII. Acid Base Reactions

A. Strong - Strong

B. Strong-Weak

C. Weak-Weak

D. Common Ion Effect

E. Buffers

F. Titration Curves

G. Indicators

XIX. Solubility Equilibria

A. Solubility of Salts

B. The Solubility Product (K_sp) Constant

C. Ksp and the Reaction Quotient Q

D. Precipitation Reactions

E. The Effect of a Common Ion on Solubility

XX. Thermochemistry: Entropy and Free Energy

A. Spontaneous Reactions

1. Kinetics versus Thermodynamics

2. Entropy and Direction of a Reaction

B. Entropy: A Measure of Disorder or Dispersal

1. Entropy and The Second Law

2. Calculation of Entropy Changes

C. Gibbs Free Energy

1. Calculating DG for a Reaction

2. Free Energy and Temperature

D. Thermodynamics and the Equilibrium Constant

XXI. Electron Transfer Reactions

A. Oxidation Reduction Reactions

1. Definitions and Description

2. Balancing Reactions

B. Chemical Changes leading to an Electric Current

C. Electrochemical Cells and Potentials

D. Standard Potentials

E. Electrochemical Cells at Non-Standard Conditions

1. The Nernst Equation

2. E° and the Equilibrium Constant

F. Batteries and Fuel Cells

G. Electrolysis &endash; Chemical Change from Electrical Energy

1. Definitions Associated with Current

2. Faraday's Law