X4 (Lawrence Keith Helm) wrote (reviewing my book on www.amazon.com):

Stalinism was Hell on Earth
 
On page 23 Professor Kowalski quotes a Mark Kramer article comparing the way various nations have dealt with their atrocities:
 
“. . . but it was not until the 1960s and afterward that most Germans truly acknowledged the enormity of Nazi Germany’s crimes. In France today, many citizens are still reluctant to look closely at the Vichy period; in Austria many people still pretend that their country was a victim of Nazi aggression; and in Japan political leaders still frequently downplay the atrocities committed by Japanese troops in China, Korea, and Manchuria in the 1930s and 1940s.  In the United States, too, many tragic aspects of history – the enslavement of blacks, the campaigns against American Indians, and the internment of Japanese-Americans at the start of World war II – have often been glossed over.  Difficult as the process of historical reckoning may be for these Western countries, it is even more onerous in Russia. . . .”
 
As reprehensible as the acts of other nations were, nothing compares to the enormity of the atrocities committed during the Nazi and Stalinist regimes.  The magnitude of the slaughter is almost beyond comprehending.  Perhaps as much as anything, Kowalski is concerned about the fact that so little is being said about the Soviet crimes.   We have book after book about Hitler’s “final solution.” We know who was responsible at almost every level.  We have philosophical speculation about why it happened.  I think especially of Hannah Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem, the Banality of Evil.  But we only have bits and pieces about the Soviet atrocities.  Survivors tell their tales, mass graves are speculated about, leaders who once followed Stalin subsequently denounce him, but there doesn’t seem to be any soul searching such as there has been in Europe.  In Germany and France many still don’t want to think about what their parents and relatives did during the Nazi period, but others are speculating and trying to come to terms with what happened?  Why did it happen?  Why did they go along with the Nazis?  Why did they become complicit?   One can understand why the ordinary members of new generations don’t want to dwell on such matters, but someone must strive to understand.  For if we don’t understand why we engaged in the evil of the past, what assurance do we have that our descendants won’t succumb to something similar in the future?
 
We can compare Hitler to Nebuchadnezzar.  He declared himself equal to God.  Okay, we might say, if we are objective enough, you have given yourself god-like powers, Hitler.  It is you now who decides what is good and evil and not the Christian God.  Let’s see how well you do.  In retrospect we must say that Hitler didn’t do at all well.  Many of his presuppositions were based upon shoddy science.  He had a wrong conception of racial differences and the uniqueness of the Germans, and his political and military systems were too oppressive to be borne for long.   Nice try, Hitler, but you set your sights too high.  You never became equal to God.
 
Stalin was a slightly different matter.  He didn’t think himself equal to God.  He thought his “system” was superior to Christianity – or Marx and Lenin did before him and he accepted their philosophies.  All he had to do was manage the “system” and the Proletarian revolution would be a great success.  Individuals, even large groups of them were not as important as the Communist system. 
 
The Communist vanguard started out small so its tactics needed, Stalin believed, to be ruthless.  Killing or banishing those who might eventually disagree with Communism, was, he thought, only prudent.  The Katyn Massacre is a perfect example of this thinking.  Any opposition would be likely to come from the Polish officer corps so let’s not dilly dally waiting to see what happens.  Kill all the officers.  One could do that sort of thing if one had the perfect system and if that system was superior to and superseded Christianity.  Christian rules of right and wrong were no longer valid.  All that mattered was the perpetuation and progress of the Communist agenda.
 
It is remarkable that huge numbers of Stalinist defenders in Russia are today busy “debunking the “myths” of Stalin’s crimes.   He committed no crimes, they tell us.  Khrushchev and others lied about him. While this cottage industry of Stalin’s defenders is busily at work, it is refreshing to read someone like Professor Kowalski who draws our attention back to the actual brutality and violence.

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