TestFunctions distSq(3,4) = 25 millionX(-3) = -3000000 >>> 25 >>> 100 >>> 25 distSq(3,4,10) = 125 >>> 123456789 dist(3,40) = 37 dist(120,10) = 110 abs(-100) = 100 abs(100) = 100 sgn(20) = 1 sgn(-20) = -1 sgn(0) = 0 sum of a[] is 2038 Adding an array of 2000000 elements = 3. Sum is 6000000 Java's way -- 170 milliseconds My way -- 770 milliseconds